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The Philadelphia Pier 34 collapse occurred on May 18, 2000 and caused the death of three women inside Club Heat (located on the end of the Pier) and injuries to dozens of people, as the 91-year-old structure fell into the Delaware River.〔〔 The owner of the property, and the manager of the nightclub on the pier, were later criminally charged for failure to maintain and repair its foundation, even after several warning signs had appeared in the weeks before the collapse. == Location and history == Pier 34 South Wharves was located on the Philadelphia bank of the Delaware River, just south of Penn's Landing. It was originally built in 1909, on piles with a concrete substructure supporting concrete retaining walls with solid fill and wood-block paving, designed to carry loads of up to 500 pounds per square foot.〔War Department ''The Ports of Philadelphia, Pa., Camden, and Gloucester, N.J.''. Government Printing Office 1932, pp. 95-96.〕〔Corps of Engineers ''The Ports of Philadelphia, Pa., Camden, and Gloucester, N.J. Port Series No. 7 (Revised 1947)''. Government Printing Office 1948, p. 60.〕 Similar methods of construction were used for other piers on the Philadelphia waterfront〔Carleton Greene ''Wharves and Piers: Their Design, Construction, and Equipment''. McGraw-Hill 1917, pp. 127-128.〕 The pier was originally used by steamship lines for loading and unloading freight. In 1932 and 1947, it was owned by the Reading Railroad. In 1932, in addition to ships of the Ward Line, which shipped general freight to and from Cuba and Mexico, the pier was open to any shipper for a fee.〔〔War Department ''The Ports of Philadelphia, Pa., Camden, and Gloucester, N.J.''. Government Printing Office 1932, pp. 95-96, 181.〕 By 1975, the pier was owned and operated by the Independent Pier Company.〔Ameriport ''The Ports of Philadelphia: Philadelphia...America's Industrial Center, Waterfront Facilities''. Philadelphia Port Corporation/Delaware River Port Authority, 1975, p. 22.〕 By 1992, the pier was the site of Eli's Pier 34, which in September of that year was the venue for a boxing match between Bernard Hopkins and Eric Rhinehart. The nightclub Club Heat opened just a week before the disaster, on the section of the pier farthest from shore. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Philadelphia Pier 34 collapse」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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